Sources we read

Each of these was opened and read on the date shown before anything on this site cited it. The sentences on our pages were written to match what the source says, rather than a source being found afterwards to prop up a sentence.

• U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission

  Bunk Beds Business Guidance

  Read 8 August 2026 · cited on bunk bed safety

  What it supports here:

  • Adult bunk beds are covered by 16 CFR Part 1213 and children's bunk beds by 16 CFR Part 1513.
  • A bed counts as a bunk bed once its mattress foundation sits more than 30 inches above the floor.
  • The upper bunk must have at least two guardrails, at least one on each side.
  • The guardrail on the wall side runs continuously end to end, and where it does not attach to a bed end the gap may be no more than 0.22 inches.
  • On the open side, the gap between either end of the guardrail and the nearest bed end may be no more than 15 inches.
  • Guardrail tops must sit at least 5 inches above the top of the mattress.
  • A lower bunk whose foundation is 30 inches or less from the floor does not need guardrails.
  • The rule exists to prevent a child being trapped between the upper bunk and a wall, below a guardrail, or in an opening in the bed ends.
  • Makers and importers of children's bunk beds certify compliance in a Children's Product Certificate after testing at a laboratory accepted by the Commission.
• U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission

  Clothing Storage Units Business Guidance

  Read 8 August 2026 · cited on product safety

  What it supports here:

  • The STURDY law (15 U.S.C. 2056f) led to a final rule for clothing storage units, codified at 16 CFR part 1261, which incorporates ASTM F2057 by reference.
  • The rule applies to clothing storage units manufactured after 1 September 2023.
  • A clothing storage unit is a furniture item with drawers or hinged doors for storing clothing that is free-standing, at least 27 inches tall, at least 30 pounds in mass, and has at least 3.2 cubic feet of enclosed storage.
  • Chests, chests of drawers, armoires, bureaus and dressers are examples of clothing storage units.
  • Bookcases, entertainment furniture, office furniture and dining room furniture are outside the scope of the rule.
  • CPSC considers fabric dressers with drawers to be clothing storage units where they meet the criteria.
  • A unit must pass three stability tests: a clothing load test, a horizontal force test applying 10 pounds at the highest hand-hold, and a carpet test with a 60 pound child weight apparatus.
  • An anti-tip device meeting ASTM F3096 must be packaged with the product.
  • Warning labels must carry certain statements and pictograms.